Introduction Of Genomes Human Genome Project Scientist

Our genome is the diagram to our existenc: it encodes all the information we need to develop from a single cell into a hugely complicated functional organism. But it is more than a static information store: our genome is a lively, tightly-regulated collection of genes, which switch on and off in many mixture to give the diversity of cells from which our bodies are formed.

The genome is the hereditary material of an organism, that is, the sum amount of DNA in the cell. In eukaryotes, it is usually prearranged into a set of chromosomes, which are very long chains of DNA that are highly condensed. In the picture below, human DNA is shown packaged into chromosome units (as seen during mitotic metaphase). Note the sister chromatids (that hold identical daughter DNA molecules), centromeres and telomeres.

Transcription, splicing and conversion are the main process that account for the look of protein coding genes. Each step is directed by sequential and structural signals. In what follows, we explain from both the biological and computational point of view, how these series motifs are used to go from DNA to RNA to the final protein product.

The schema underneath highlights these dispensation steps:

• Exon information (gene structure on the DNA sequence): series before transcription
• Transcript information (mature mRNA sequence): series after splicing
• Protein information: series after translation